Wednesday, March 28, 2007

La sociobiologia de la "Violencia de Genero"

16 victimas contabilizadas llevamos en este año 2007 de lo que muchos sectores de la sociedad contemporanea española denominan "violencia machista". En primer lugar, la expresion violencia de genero es equivoca, pero no porque se deba renombrar bajo la expresion mas idonea( supuestamente): "violencia machista", porque esta ultima expresion si que es totalmente equivoca y acientifica.

Expresiones más acertadas serian asaltos violentos, violencia domestica... porque la expresion violencia machista conlleva una serie de connotaciones fundamentadas en una concpecion metodologica de las ciencias sociales, o mejor dicho, de la explicacion de una realidad social que no tiene en cuenta las bases biologicas de la conducta humana.

Se echa de menos un discurso, ante este problema critico que no distingue entre clases sociales, edades, paises, culturas... que preste mas atencion a la historia evolutiva y la asociacion de los atributos psicologicos tanto de hombres y mujeres a la historia evolutiva, es decir, un discurso que tenga en cuenta a la hora de hablar de la violencia de genero (asaltos violentos) de los factores biologicos.

La violencia contrariamente al mito de la antropologia tradicional es inherente a la naturaleza humana. El mito del "bonne savage" es falso.

Restos fosiles de diversas especies de hominidos muestran marcas de flechas e instrumentos (axes) y estudios en la organzacion social de primates no-humanos muestran la jerarquizacion de los grupos en torno a un lider con seguidores, pero tambien con facciones de subordinados esperando a copar el poder (acceso a hembras y recurosos) en un equilibrio de alternancia cambiante y recurrente logrado a traves de la "guerra".

Por otra parte, el dimorfismo sexual ostensible en la diferencia media de peso y altura entre hombres y mujeres indica que los machos hominidos competian por el acceso a las hembras desarrollando una complexion mucho mas fuerte.

Esta biologia manifiesta (fenotipo) evoluciono en un endofenotipo (patrones de secrecion hormonal) distinto que en los hombres se refleja en mayores niveles de testosterona (la hormona de la agresividad y el vigor podriamos decir).

Pero no crean que la evolucion no ha dado lugar a adaptaciones femeninas tanto en la fisiologia, psicologia como comportamiento.

Las adaptaciones femeninas se centran en la manipulacion de las caracteristicas de sus posibles parejas tanto a nivel de marcadores de genes buenos o calidad genotipica (simetria facial, marcadores de testoterona, color de la piel, robustez, inteligencia creativa) asi como a la competicion espermatica (sperm competition): la competicion existente entre el esperma de diferentes machos por fecundar el ovulo de una misma mujer en especies de fertilizacion interna.

La competicion espermatica en los animales es un hecho incontestable y en los seres humanos mucho mas que un dato.

La presencia de preferencias divergentes durante el ciclo menstrual y particularmente durante la fase mas fertil, fase folicular, en relacion a las caracteristicas fisionomicas de los hombres, la extension en la sexualidad, es decir, que la mujer humana mantiene una motivacion hacia el sexo continua durante todas las estaciones del año a diferencia de otras especies que solo copulan en estaciones concretas... la presencia de estructuras anatomicas y rutas moleculares de estimulacion de estas que facilitan el almacenamiento o cuando menos la mayor absorcion de esperma ha dado lugar a una carrera "armamentistica" coevolutiva opuesta en los sexos: los hombres intentando detectar cuando la mujer les es infiel y la mujer intentando engañar que es infiel proque le beneficia geneticamente.

Por otra parte si examinamos la historia de los sistemas eticos interculturalmente comprobamos que las codificaciones morales entorno al sexo son universales (penalizan el adulterio la infidelidad...) porque el sexo es un potencial desestabilizador de la cohesion grupal.

Cuando reconozcamos que hay factores biologicos en la mal llamada violencia de genero estaremos dando un paso de gigante en la prevencion de los actos de abuso fisico de aquellos hombres abusivos y controladores que solo estan siendo visctimas de los dictados de la tirania de su naturaleza.

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